In search of new gas fields, Turkey has sent a ship to criss-cross Mediterranean waters, sometimes outside Turkish maritime borders, at the risk of causing tensions with the international community. The island of Kastellorizo crystallizes tensions because this Greek islet of 9 m² deprives Turkey of a larger Exclusive Economic Zone, and of its economic potential. These issues intersect with pre-existing tensions around gas pipelines, the migration crisis or other conflicts in the Middle East.